ANATOMY The pain signals from visceral organs of the upper abdomen (pancreas, liver, spleen, gall bladder, stomach,...
Stellate Ganglion Block
GENERAL Stellate ganglion block has a diagnostic and therapeutic value. It is applied to treat various painful...
Interventional Techniques in the Shoulder
RECOMMENDATIONS The treatment of shoulder pain should primarily be conservative with combination of pharmacotherapy...
Ramus Communicans Nerve Block (of the Sympathetic Chain)
GENERAL As described more analytically in the chapter of intradiscal degenerative disease, the intervertebral disc is...
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block
GENERAL Sphenopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion, no more than 5mm in width, located in the...
Intraarticular Injections
GENERAL Intra-articular injections are applied to treat articular pain or/and inflammation of traumatic or...
Radiofrequency Pain Treatment
GENERAL There are two types of radiofrequency (RF), conventional (CRF) and intermittent or pulsed radiofrequency...
Diagnostic Facet Joint Block
GENERAL Diagnostic facet joint block is a minimally invasive technique that is applied for various diagnostic purposes...
Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block
GENERAL A superior hypogastric plexus block is used to treat pelvic pain that is resistant to conservative drug...